The degree of seriousness of each individual fault will be totally dependent on the prevailing conditions at the time. When other road users are affected, a minor fault can immediately become a serious one. Dangerous faults will only be recorded when either the driving examiner or when another road user has been forced to take evasive action to avoid danger.
Eyesight Test:
·    Unable to read a number plate at 67 feet, (20.5 metres).
Precautions before starting the engine:
·    Jumping forward while attempting to start the engine with the car in gear.
·    Rolling backwards or forwards while attempting to restart the engine.
Make proper use of:
Accelerator:
·    Excessive pressure causing wheel spin.
·    Erratic pressure causing surging.
·    Not removing pressure while changing gear.
·    Applying pressure too soon after changing gear.
Clutch:
·    Jerky control.
·    Lack of control.
·    Releases too quickly.
·    Riding the pedal, (left foot continually resting on the clutch pedal.)
·    Not pressing fully to the floor.
·    Not used when stopping.
Handbrake:
·    Not applying when necessary
·    Not releasing properly.
·    Moving away with it partially on.
·    Not applying properly.
·    Applying on the move.
·    Rolling backwards or forward after stopping.
Gears:
·    Incorrect gear selection.
·    Reluctant to select higher gears.
·    Labours the engine.
·    Does not match gear with road speed.
·    Excessive speed in gear.
·    Unnecessary gear changes.
·    Used to reduce speed instead of brakes.
·    Selected too soon for hazards.
·    Selected too late for hazards.
·    Coasting with clutch down.
·    Coasting in neutral.
Footbrake:
·    Not used when required.
·    Late use on approach to hazards.
·    Harsh use by pressing too fiercely.






Steering:
·    Incorrect hand position on the wheel.
·    Losing control by crossing hands.
·    Allowing wheel to spin back after turning.
·    Retaining hand on the gear lever for too long.
·    Removes both hands from steering wheel.
·    Overshooting right turns.
·    Over steers on corners.
·    Under steers on corners.
·    Steering with the right arm on the window ledge.
·    Hitting when parking.
Moving Away:
Safely:
·    No attempt to look around.
·    Lack of observation ahead and to the rear.
·    Moves away when unsafe.
Under control:
·    Stalls the engine.
·    Moving away at too high a speed.
·    Rolls back.
Stop the vehicle in an emergency:
Promptly:
·    Slow reaction to signal.
·    Not stopping quickly enough.


Under control:
·    Uses footbrake and clutch together.
·    Clutch pedal used too soon.
·    Harsh application of footbrake.
·    Uses handbrake to stop.
·    Locks front or rear wheels.
·    Induces a skid by braking and steering at the same time.
·    Loses control by skidding.
Reverse into a limited opening to the left or right:
Under control:
·    Poor Clutch control.
·    Stalls the engine.
·    Excessive acceleration.
·    Footbrake not used when required.
·    Erratic use of steering.
·    Touches kerb.
·    Mounts pavement.
·    Over centre of the side road.
·    Unable to enter side road.
·    Too far from kerb at completion.
·    Car not parallel to the kerb.
With proper observation:
·    Does not look out of rear window.
·    Does not take all around observation throughout.
·    Uses nearside door mirror for observation.
·    Does not observe other road users.
·    Does not give way to other road users.
·    Does not pull forwards to allow vehicle to emerge from the side road.

Turn in the road:
Under control:
·    Poor clutch control.
·    Stalls the engine.
·    Excessive acceleration.
·    Harsh use of footbrake.
·    Not applying the handbrake properly.
·    Strikes kerbs with front or rear wheels.
·    Mounts pavement with front or rear wheels.
·    Overhangs the kerb with front or rear of car.
·    Unable to complete exercise within five moves.
·    Turns the steering wheel in the wrong
·    Direction.
·    No attempt to correct steering on forward or reverse moves.
With poor observation:
·    Lack of all round observation before moving.
·    Moves forwards or backwards when unsafe to do so.
·    Does not look to the rear while reversing.
·    Only looks back over one shoulder while
·    Reversing.
·    Lack of all round observation during each movement.
·    Continues with movement, does not give way to passing traffic.
·    Does not allow pedestrians to proceed safely on the pavements.




Reverse parking:
Under control:
·    Poor clutch control.
·    Stalls the engine.
·    Excessive acceleration.
·    Insufficient or excessive steering.
·    Harsh use of footbrake.
·    Too close to parked car.
·    Strikes the kerb with front or rear nearside wheel.
·    Too far away from the left hand kerb at
·    Completion.
·    Car finishes up at an angle to the kerb.
·    Unable to complete within two car lengths.
With proper observation:
·    Does not take all round observation before exercise.
·    Does not look out of rear window while reversing.
·    Uses door mirror to observe while reversing.
·    Ignores passing traffic and does not give way.
·    Reverses back with pedestrians passing by on the pavement at rear.
Make effective use of mirrors well before:
Signalling:
·    Does not use Mirror Signal Manoeuvre routine.
·    Signals before using mirrors.
·    Looks and signals at the same time.
·    Does not take appropriate action after observing traffic in mirrors.
·    Signals regardless of following traffic situation.

Changes direction:
·    Does not consult mirrors before turning left.
·    Does not consult mirrors before turning right.
·    Does not consult mirrors before changing lanes.
·    Does not consult mirrors before overtaking.
·    Does not consult mirrors after overtaking.
Changes speed:
·    Does not consult mirrors before increasing speed.
·    Does not consult mirrors before reducing speed.
·    Does not consult mirrors before stopping.
Give signals:
Where necessary:
·    Omits signals when they could benefit other road users.
Correctly:
·    Gives signals in the wrong direction.
·    Gives misleading signals.
·    Does not cancel signals after completion of manoeuvre.
·    Using any signal not in the Highway Code.
Properly timed:
·    Give signals too early.
·    Gives signals too late.
·    Signals for too short a period of time.
·    Signals for too long a period of time.



Take correct and prompt action on all:
Traffic signs:
·    Disregards speed limit signs.
·    Does not obey mandatory signs.
·    Ignores warning signs.
·    Ignores prohibiting signs.
Road markings:
·    Does not act in accordance with lane direction arrows.
·    Crosses or straddles double white lines.
·    Drives in bus lanes at prohibited times.
·    Parks on double yellow lines.
·    Disregards box junction markings.
·    Stops on worded markings such as “Keep Clear”.
·    Parks on zigzag lines.
Traffic lights:
·    Attempts to drive through a red light.
·    Does not stop on amber when it was safe to do so.
·    Drives away on red and amber.
·    Proceeds on green light when unsafe to do so.
Take correct and prompt action on all signal by::
Traffic controllers:
·    Disregards signals given by police or a traffic warden.
·    Disregards signals given by a person in charge of road works with Stop/Go sign.
·    Disregards signal given by School Crossing Patrol.


Other road users:
·    Disregards clearly given signals by other drivers.
Exercise care in the use of speed:
·    Drives in excess of the speed limit.
·    Drives at a speed that is too fast for the road and traffic conditions.
Follow behind another vehicle at a safe distance:
·    Drives too close to large vehicles ahead.
·    Does not attempt the two-second rule.
·    Drives closer than thinking distance in heavy traffic.
·    Stops too close to vehicles ahead in traffic queues.
Makes progress by:
Driving at a speed appropriate to the road and traffic conditions:
·    Crawls along at slow speeds on clear roads.
·    Makes no attempt to achieve maximum speeds for the road when safe to do so.
·    Reduces speed excessively when the conditions do not merit doing so.
·    Makes slow progress through the gears in normal driving.
Avoiding undue hesitancy:
·    Makes predetermined stops at junctions and other hazards.
·    Waits unnecessarily when it is safe to proceed at junctions.
·    Waits for green light at Pedestrian Crossings when clear on flashing amber.
·    Waits for other drivers, who are clearly giving way.
Act properly at a road junction with regard to:
Speed on approach:
·    Approaches at too high a speed.
·    Approaches at too slow a speed.
Observation:
·    Only looks in one direction at junctions before emerging.
·    Looks in both directions after emerging.
·    Does not look in the direction of travel while emerging.
·    Takes no observation whatsoever at unmarked crossroads.
·    Emerges at too slow a speed.
·    Emerges when traffic is too close or too fast.
·    Emerges into the path of approaching traffic.
Position before turning right:
·    Positions over centre lines.
·    Positions left of centre in narrow roads.
·    Does not position near enough to centre lines.
·    Does not move into protected centre lane.
·    Does not use right hand lane, when one is available.
·    Does not proceed far enough forward when giving way to oncoming traffic.
·    Does not move out to centre of the side road when turning right at traffic lights.
·    Sits behind stop line at green light, with room to move forwards.
Position before turning left::
·    Too far from left hand kerb on the approach.
·    Swings out to the right on the approach.
·    Too close to the kerb on approach.
·    Drives over the kerb with rear nearside wheel.
Cutting right hand corners:
·    Cuts across onto the wrong side of side road while turning the corner.
Deal with other vehicles when:
Overtaking:
·    Attempts to overtake in an unsafe location.
·    Attempts to overtake when traffic conditions make it unsafe to do so.
·    Takes too long a time and distance to carry out manoeuvre.
·    Does not give enough clearance to other vehicles.
·    Cuts back in too soon after overtaking.
Meeting:
·    Causes oncoming traffic to slow down or stop.
·    Drives on towards other vehicles when other vehicles have priority.
Crossing their path:
·    Inconveniences oncoming road users by cutting across in front of them.
Position the vehicle correctly:
During normal driving:
·    Drives too close to the left hand kerb.
·    Drives too far out towards the middle of the road.
Exercise lane discipline:
·    Chooses incorrect lane when proceeding ahead at roundabouts or traffic lights.
·    Straddles lane markings.
·    Wanders back and forwards from one lane to the other.
Allow adequate clearance to stationary vehicles:
·    Drives too close to the rear of stationary vehicles before pulling out.
·    Drives too close to the side of stationary vehicles while driving past.
·    Cuts back to the left too soon after passing stationary vehicles.
Takes appropriate action at pedestrian crossings:
·    Does not reduce speed on the approach when vision is restricted.
·    Approaches at too high a speed with pedestrians on crossing.
·    Overtaking on zigzag lines on approach.
·    Not giving precedence to pedestrians on a crossing.
·    Not stopping at give way or stop lines when necessary.
·    Not acting in accordance with the traffic lights controlling the crossing.
·    Harassing pedestrians.
·    Waving pedestrians over a crossing.
·    Moving away before pedestrians have crossed over in front of the car.
·    Attempting to proceed when unsafe to do so.
·    Stopping on the actual crossing.
Select a safe position for normal stops:
·    Stopping in an unsafe or inconvenient location.
·    Blocking an entrance or driveway when stopping.
·    Causing an obstruction to other road users.
·    Stopping too far away from the pavement.
·    Stopping with one or more wheels on the pavement.
Show awareness and anticipation of the actions of:
Other road users:
·    Not anticipating that pedestrians are about to cross the road at any time.
·    Not giving way to pedestrians at junctions or pedestrian crossings.
·    Not anticipating that cyclists may be passing on the left or right.
·    Not anticipating that cyclists are about to make a change of direction.
·    Not anticipating or showing awareness of direction signals given by other drivers.
·    Not anticipating or showing awareness of vehicles displaying hazard flashers.
·    Not anticipating or showing awareness of vehicles reversing lights.
·    Not anticipating or showing awareness of brake lights on other vehicles.
·    Not anticipating the actions of other drivers changing speed or direction.
Use of ancillary controls:
Only applicable if the driver is required to use them in addition to the normal controls.
·    Not operating the front or rear windscreen wipers or washers when required.
·    Not operating the side or headlamp controls when required.
·    Not operating the horn when required.
·    Not operating the heated rear screen control when required.
·    Not operating the demister controls when required.
·    Not operating the hazard warning light when required.